What is phytophotodermatitis?

What causes phytophotodermatitis and who gets it?

Plant + ultraviolet radiation = dermatitis

The fact is that the sap of some plants contains furanocoumarins, which are photosensitizing substances, i.e. substances that increase the sensitivity of skin cells to sunlight and can enhance the effect of ultraviolet radiation and, as a result, cause phototoxic reactions. Approximately 1 or 2 days after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, the area of skin contaminated with plant sap turns red and swells. Blisters can also often appear. After inflammatory manifestations, the skin often remains post-inflammatory pigmentation, which can last for several years (dark spots).
Depending on how the plant sap got on your body, rashes can occur:
- In the form of linear stripes on exposed skin, especially on the extremities.
- Drop-shaped lesions on the hands (for example, exposure to lime juice).
- Rounded lesions on the lips from direct contact with the plant (often in children).
- Splashes and streaks on the face and torso from the use of gardening tools (tongs).
- Redness and swelling of exposed areas of the face, hands and arms after consuming a large number of products containing furanocoumarin.
- Redness from the use of cosmetics on exposed skin areas where they were applied.- Rash on hands and fingers, especially in vegetable pickers.

Which plants can cause dermatitis?

Lime, lemon, figs, celery, dill, legumes, parsnips, carrots, bergamot oil (often found in perfumes), etc. The most dangerous is the nightshade family - hogweed, where even a single touch causes 1-3 degree burns.
The group at increased risk of getting phytophotodermatitis includes:
- Vegetable pickers.
- Tourists and pedestrians.
- Children.
- Bartenders (lime juice).
- Gardeners and those who use garden tools (garden shears, weed trimmers, etc.).

What should you do if you notice the first symptoms?

- In case of recent or direct contact with the plant, rinse the affected area thoroughly with cool water. This helps remove the plant sap and minimizes the risk of a reaction.
- Avoid sun exposure: Protect the affected skin from sunlight to prevent further irritation and damage. Find shade, wear protective clothing, and apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF to protect your skin.
- Cool compresses will also be helpful.
- Drink plenty of water.
- Consult a dermatologist if your symptoms persist or worsen.
Remember that prevention of phytophotodermatitis is important. Be careful about the plants you come into contact with and take steps to protect your skin. Stay safe, stay protected and enjoy the beauty of nature!

Author: Dermatovenerologist Sofia Kovalyk